As a management consultant on corporate culture who worked in Saudi Arabia for a while, I was intrigued by the Arab interpersonal introductory process. While in the West one of the first questions we ask of a newcomer is “What do you do for a living?”, the Arabs seek out “How are you and I related?” or “Who do you know that I know?” I think this is because nomadic Arabs really had to trust those they were with in the desert for their survival in a way that urbanized Westerners didn’t have to.
Another insight on planning comes from Karl Weick, one of my mentors, who claimed that sense-making after events was more important for executives that planning before events. Maybe Whitehead would agree.